©Júlio Le Parc / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
©Júlio Le Parc / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
4 July -> 19 November 2023

Exhibition of the Tate collection


The Dynamic Eye, Beyond Optical and Kinetic Art


More than 100 works | More than 63 artists | More than 21 countries

Enjoy the exhibition with the Atkinson Museum's multilingual audio guide.
Application available to download from the museum.

Tate

Tate’s vision is to serve as one of the most artistically adventurous and culturally inclusive art museums for the UK and the world.

Tate delivers this through activities in its four UK galleries (Tate Liverpool, Tate St Ives, Tate Britain and Tate Modern), its digital platforms and collaborations with national and international partners.

At the heart of Tate is its art collection, which includes British art from the 16th century to the present day and international modern art from 1900 to the present day.

‘Tate is delighted to be working with the WOW cultural quarter to present The Dynamic Eye at the Atkinson Museum. WOW’s ambition to create a unique cultural destination in Porto is a bold and welcome endeavour. The combination of art, gastronomy and a careful selection of shopping and hospitality venues is an important contribution to the Portuguese cultural scene. As a new ‘cultural quarter’ in Porto, WOW encompasses a variety of innovative spaces for local and global audiences. Visitors, from art enthusiasts to families, can relax, be inspired and immerse themselves in culture, world-renowned exhibitions and gastronomic experiences. WOW is leading the way in Porto, creating a new model of cultural engagement for everyone. Tate is delighted to be able to contribute to this mission through our collaboration’

Neil McConnon, Director of International Partnerships, Tate.

The Collection

During the 1950s and 1960s, many artists began to incorporate mathematical theories, scientific research and colour theory into their work, and some began to use computers to create images.

These artists saw the viewer not as a passive observer, but as an active participant, interacting with the art in real time and space. Their works often trigger complex visual sensations, activated by the viewer’s perception of shape, colour and pattern. Sometimes this effect is intensified by the inclusion of kinetic elements, which create real or perceived movement.

© Kenneth Noland / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Kenneth Noland / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Walter Leblanc / SABAM, Brussels / SPA, Lisboa, 2023 © Victor Vasarely /ADAGP, Paris /SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Walter Leblanc / SABAM, Brussels / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Victor Vasarely /ADAGP, Paris /SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Herbert Bayer / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023 © Piero Dorazio / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Herbert Bayer / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Piero Dorazio / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© 2023 Frank Stella / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
Frank Stella
Hyena Stomp
1962
Photography; Tate
© 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
Alexander Calder
Antennae with Red and Blue Dots
1953
Photography; Tate

Optical art emerged during this period. Artists combined simple lines, geometric shapes and bright colours to create optical effects and illusions. Kinetic Art was closely associated with Optical Art, encompassing art that uses motors, moving elements and energy sources that challenge art as a static form.

This exhibition revisits Optical and Kinetic Art from a global perspective. It interweaves artists such as Victor Vasarely, Jesús Rafael Soto, Alexander Calder and Frank Stella, who are closely associated with these movements as well as their predecessors and contemporary practitioners.

Lygia Clark (1920-1988)
Creature-Maquette (320)
1964
Photography; Tate

Julio Le Parc

(1928-)

Julio Le Parc is an Argentinian artist known for his contributions to the Optical Art movement. He was born in 1928 in Mendoza, Argentina and began his career as a painter in the 1950s. In the 1960s, he became a member of the Groupe Recherche d’Art Visual, an organisation that sought to use technology and scientific principles to create new forms of art.

Some of Le Parc’s greatest successes/achievements include his participation in numerous international exhibitions, including the Venice Biennale and the São Paulo Biennale. Le Parc is perhaps best known for his kinetic works, including ‘Continual Mobile, Continual Light’ and ‘Virtual Forms in Various Situations’. These works use light and movement to create optical illusions and involve the viewer in a participatory experience.

Le Parc’s work has had a significant impact on the development of Optical Art and he continues to be recognised as an important figure in the art world. In addition to his artistic activities, Le Parc has also been involved in social and political activism throughout his career.

©Júlio Le Parc / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
©Júlio Le Parc / ADAGP, Paris / SPA, Lisboa, 2023

Victor Vasarely
(1909-1977)

Victor Vasarely, a celebrated artist of Hungarian descent and the ‘Father of Optical Art’, is celebrated for his mastery of using geometric patterns and optical illusions in his work.

One of his most famous series, ‘Supernova’, features explosions of colours and shapes that demonstrate his ability to manipulate negative and positive space through the use of contrasting tones.

Another example of Vasarely’s artistic talent is his ‘banya’ series, which comprises abstract compositions with complex arrangements of geometric shapes and lines.

The incorporation of tessellation, a technique in which a singular shape is repeated to create a large, cohesive pattern, imbued ‘Banya’ with a sense of harmony and order.

In addition to his artistic endeavours, Vasarely’s designs have been used in various commercial contexts. For example, his iconic logo for Renault, with a stylised diamond shape, became synonymous with the French car manufacturer, and is still used today.

© Victor Vasarely /ADAGP, Paris /SPA, Lisboa, 2023
© Victor Vasarely /ADAGP, Paris /SPA, Lisboa, 2023
Photography; Tate
© Victor Vasarely /ADAGP, Paris /SPA, Lisboa, 2023
Victor Vasarely
(1909-1977)
Photography; Tate
Chromatic Intersection, 1970 © Herbert Bayer / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn / SPA, Lisboa, 2023
Herbert Bayer
Chromatic Intersection
1970
Photography; Tate

Jesús Rafael Soto
(1923-2005)

Jesús Rafael Soto (5 June, 1923 – 17 January, 2005) was a Venezuelan optical and kinetic artist, painter and sculptor.

Soto laid the foundations for an art that transcended the parameters of conventional painting and sculpture.

By inviting the viewer to participate in the work, rather than merely observing it from a distance, Soto interacts more deeply with the audience, making the experience much more curious and stimulating.

Like many Venezuelan artists of their time, Jesús Rafael Soto and Carlos Cruz-Diez (also an artist in the collection) saw their work as a response to what they felt were the problems of the art of their times.

Many wanted to show a more universal way of processing art. Because of this, their works are contributions that continue to enrich the art world. Their willingness to contribute and place themselves in a more universal approach to art was a direct response to traditionalist views of art in Latin America.

Their willingness to contribute and put themselves in a more universal approach to art, was a direct rebuttal to the traditional views of art in Latin America. With Venezuela, this was a way for them to add what they felt was missing in the art of Latin America.

Jesús Rafael Soto
Twelve Blacks and Four Silvers
12 noirs et 4 argentés
1965
Photography; Tate
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